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== 5E-Electromotive Force and Current ==

''PIRA classification 5E''

||<#dddddd> Grayed Demos are either not available or haven't been built yet||

''''' Please note that these tables have not yet been edited to match the equipment that is available within the UW-Madison lecture demo lab. There maybe many items listed within these tables that we either "can not do" or have available.'''''

= 5E20. Electrolysis =
||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''||
||	5E20.10	||	electrolysis of water	||	DC passed through slightly acidic water evolves hydrogen and oxygen at the electrodes.	||
||	5E20.10	||	gas coulombmeter	||	The volume of gas from electrolysis is measured.	||
||	5E20.10	||	electrolysis of water	||	The Hoffman apparatus for electrolysis of water.	||
||	5E20.10	||	electrolysis	||	The standard commercial electrolysis apparatus.	||
||	5E20.11	||	electrolysis of water modification	||	Place Tygon tubing over the wire coming out the bottom to protect it from the acid.	||
||	5E20.12	||	electrolysis of water	||	A projection electrolytic cell for showing the evolution of gas.	||
||	5E20.15	||	explosion of hydrogen and oxygen	||	Make soap bubbles with the gases from electrolysis of water and blow them to droplets.	||
||	5E20.21	||	phenolphthalein electrolysis indicat	||	Phenophthalein is used as an indicator in electrolysis demonstrations.	||
||	5E20.22	||	purple cabbage electrolysis indicato	||	Use purple cabbage as an indicator for electrolysis demonstrations.	||
||	5E20.22	||	electrolysis of sodium sulfate with	||	Use purple cabbage as an indicator to show electrolysis of sodium sulfate.	||
||	5E20.25	||	electrolysis of Na ions through glas	||	Sodium is plated on the inside of a lamp inserted into molten sodium nitrate.	||
||	5E20.28	||	mass transfer in electrolysis	||	Measure the current while transferring mass by plating copper to obtain a semi quantitative determination of the Faraday.	||
||	5E20.29	||	mass of Na atom by electrolysis	||	A method of determining the mass of a sodium atom by electrolysis.	||
||	5E20.30	||	electrolytic rectifier	||	Electrodes of aluminum and lead in a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate form a rectifier.	||
||	5E20.40	||	oxidation of ferrous to ferric iron	||	Put ferrous iron in hot water with nitric acid and heat.	||
||	5E20.60	||	electric forge	||	Melt an iron rod cathode in a strong sodium sulfite solution.	||


= 5E30. Plating =
||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''||
||	5E30.10	||	copper flashing of iron	||	Polished iron is plated in a copper sulfate solution.	||
||	5E30.20	||	electroplating copper	||	Copper and carbon electrodes in a copper sulfate bath.	||
||	5E30.20	||	electroplating	||	Copper is plated onto a carbon electrode in a copper sulfate bath.	||
||	5E30.24	||	electroplating - lead tree	||	Current is passed between lead electrodes in a saturated solution of lead acetate causing fern like clusters to form on the cathode.	||
||	5E30.26	||	electroplating - tin tree	||	Current is passed between electrodes of copper and tin in a acid solution of stannic chloride. With copper as the cathode, tin crystallizes as long needles.	||
||	5E30.28	||	electroplating	||	Plate with copper or silver by connecting the object to the negative terminal and using copper sulfate or silver nitrate solution.	||
||	5E30.30	||	pickle frying	||	Apply high voltage across a pickle and it lights at one end.	||
||	5E30.40	||	silver coulombmeter	||	Silver is plated in a silver nitrate bath onto a platinum cup.	||
||	5E30.40	||	silver coulombmeter	||	A silver coulombmeter shows a 1 g change in anode weight when 1 amp is passed for 1000 sec.	||


= 5E40. Cells and Batteries =
||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''||
||	5E40.01	||	Volta's EMF concept	||	The distinction between EMF and electrostatic potential difference is discussed.	||
||	5E40.05	||	contact potentials: history, etc	||	The history, concepts, and persistent misconceptions on the contact potentials between metals.	||
||	5E40.10	||	EMF dependence on electrode material	||	Two stands each hold several strips of different metals which can be paired and dipped into a dilute acid bath.	||
||	5E40.10	||	battery effect	||	Combinations of copper, lead, zinc, and iron are dipped into a dilute sulfuric acid solution.	||
||	5E40.15	||	contact potential difference	||	The contact potential difference between copper and zinc can be demonstrated using a condensing electroscope.	||
||	5E40.20	||	voltaic cell	||	A voltaic cell is made with copper and zinc electrodes in a sulfuric acid solution.	||
||	5E40.20	||	voltaic cells	||	Short a few voltaic cells in series through a loop of iron or nichrome wire.	||
||	5E40.21	||	cardboard model voltaic cell circuit	||	A cardboard model illustrates potential difference and electromotive force in a voltaic cell circuit.	||
||	5E40.25	||	lemon battery/voltaic cell	||	Stick copper and galvanized steel electrodes into a lemon and attach a voltmeter.	||
||	5E40.25	||	lemon screamer,lasagna cell	||	A little tutorial on electrochemistry for those using the lemon screamer and other interesting cells.	||
||	5E40.25	||	lemon battery	||	Zinc and copper strips are hooked to a galvanometer and stuck into fruits and vegetables.	||
||	5E40.26	||	voltaic cell polarization	||	Heat the copper cathode in a Bunsen burner flame to oxidize the surface.	||
||	5E40.40	||	Crowsfoot or gravity cell	||	A zinc-zinc sulfate/copper-copper sulfate battery.	||
||	5E40.50	||	adding dry cells	||	Charge an electroscope with a number of 45 V B batteries in series.	||
||	5E40.51	||	dry cell terminals	||	Hook up several dry cells in series to a condensing electroscope, remove the capacitance and test polarity with charged rods.	||
||	5E40.60	||	lead acid simple battery	||		||
||	5E40.60	||	lead acid simple battery	||	A simple lead acid battery with two electrodes is charged for a short time and discharged through a bell.	||
||	5E40.60	||	storage battery	||	Two lead plates in a sulfuric acid solution are charged and then discharged through a doorbell.	||
||	5E40.60	||	storage cells	||	The elementary lead storage cell is charged and discharged on the lecture table.	||
||	5E40.60	||	simple battery	||	Charge two lead plates in 30% sulfuric acid and discharge through a flashlight bulb.	||
||	5E40.61	||	storage cells	||	Melt nail with a storage battery.	||
||	5E40.62	||	lead-salt cell	||	Instead of acid, use a saturated salt solution of sodium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate.	||
||	5E40.70	||	internal resistance of batteries	||		||
||	5E40.70	||	internal resistance of batteries	||		||
||	5E40.75	||	weak and good battery	||		||
||	5E40.75	||	internal resistance of batteries	||	Measure similar no load voltage on identical looking batteries and then apply a load to each and show the difference in voltage between a good and weak battery.	||



= 5E50. Thermoelectriciy =
||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''||
||	5E50.10	||	thermocouple	||	Two iron-copper junctions, one in ice and the other in a flame, are connected to a galvanometer.	||
||	5E50.10	||	thermocouple	||	Attach a voltmeter to the iron wires of two copper-iron junctions while they are differentially heated.	||
||	5E50.10	||	thermocouple	||	Two iron-copper junctions, one in ice and the other in a flame, are connected to a galvanometer.	||
||	5E50.10	||	thermocouple	||	Place a twisted wire thermocouple in a flame and observe the current on a lecture table galvanometer.	||
||	5E50.11	||	thermocouples	||	Heating two metals causes a deflection on a galvanometer.	||
||	5E50.12	||	thermoelectric generator	||	Review of a commercial thermoelectric generator made from 150 constantan/nickel-molybdenum thermocouples in series.	||
||	5E50.15	||	Seebeck effect	||	The thermoelectric effect of copper-iron junctions.	||
||	5E50.17	||	Seebeck and Peltier effects	||	Send current through a copper-iron-copper circuit for several seconds and immediately disconnect and switch to a galvanometer.	||
||	5E50.18	||	copper-iron junctions ring	||	Sixty copper-iron junctions in series are arrayed in a ring heated simultaneously with a Bunsen burner producing 90 mA.	||
||	5E50.19	||	thermoelectric compass	||	Bars of copper and iron are joined to form a case for a compass needle. The needle will indicate the direction of the current as one or the other junction is heated.	||
||	5E50.19	||	thermocouple coil magnet	||	Heat a thermocouple loop and the current produces a magnetic field that can be detected by a compass needle.	||
||	5E50.20	||	thermoelectric effect in a wire	||	Show that a piece of soft iron wire connected to a galvanometer has little thermoelectric effect until the wire is kinked.	||
||	5E50.25	||	Thompson effect	||	A flame moved along a long wire will "push ahead" current.	||
||	5E50.30	||	thermoelectric magnet	||	Heat one side of a heavy copper loop closed by an unknown metal to generate thermoelectricity for an electromagnet.	||
||	5E50.30	||	thermoelectric magnet	||	A ring of copper shorted by iron forms a thermocouple that powers an electromagnet when one end is in water and the other is heated in a flame.	||
||	5E50.30	||	thermoelectric magnet	||	One end of a heavy copper bar bent into a loop and closed with a copper-nickel alloy is heated, the other cooled. An electromagnet made with a soft iron shell can support 200 lbs. Picture.	||
||	5E50.30	||	thermocouple magnet	||	A Bunsen burner heats one side of a thermocouple magnet supporting over 10 Kg.	||
||	5E50.30	||	thermoelectric magnet	||	Heat and cool opposite sides of a large thermocouple. Suspend a large weight from an electromagnet powered by the thermocouple current.	||
||	5E50.36	||	3M Aztec lamp	||	A thermocouple is built into a kerosene lamp.	||
||	5E50.60	||	thermoelectric cooler	||	A Peltier device is used to cool a drop of water.	||
||	5E50.60	||	thermoelectric heat pump	||	Mount aluminum blocks with digital thermometers on either side of a Peltier device. Run the current both ways.	||
||	5E50.61	||	Peltier effect	||	Directions for making an antimony-bismuth junction and an apparatus to show heating and cooling.	||
||	5E50.62	||	Peltier effect	||	Directions for building a Peltier effect device.	||
||	5E50.90	||	pyroelectric crystals	||	Demonstrate the temperature effect on the polarization of pyroelectric crystals. Picture.	||
||	5E50.93	||	domains of electric polarization	||	Tiny BaTiO3 crystals are heated on a microscope slide until the domains disappear.	||



= 5E60. Piezoelectricity =
||<:10%>'''PIRA #'''||<:>'''Demonstration Name'''||<:60%>'''Abstract'''||
||	5E60.05	||	piezoelectric model	||	A ball and spring model of the piezoelectric effect.	||
||	5E60.10	||	quartz crystal scraped	||		||
||	5E60.12	||	Rochelle salt demos	||	Ferroelectricity, hysteresis, Curie-point, and the direct piezoelectric effect are demonstrated with a Rochelle salt. Diagrams, Construction and Preparation details in appendix, p.1322.	||
||	5E60.13	||	piezoelectric effect - Rochelle salt	||	A Rochelle salt is hooked to a neon lamp or electrostatic voltmeter.	||
||	5E60.15	||	piezoelectric sheets	||	Make sheets of polycrystalline Rochelle salt that show piezoelectric effects.	||
||	5E60.16	||	PZT sources	||	Two sources for ceramic lead-zirconate-titnante (PZT), 1961.	||
||	5E60.20	||	piezoelectric sparker	||	Attach the commercial piezoelectric sparker to Braun electroscope.	||
||	5E60.21	||	piezoelectric gas lighter modified	||	Mount a sphere on the end of a piezoelectric gas lighter.	||
||	5E60.25	||	piezoelectric gun	||	A piezoelectric gun is used to discharge a set of charged nylon strings.	||
||	5E60.25	||	piezoelectric pistol	||	One end of a piezoelectric crystal is attached to a needle point in the pistol.	||
||	5E60.30	||	stress vs. voltage	||	Measure the voltage of a Swignette salt crystal under various stresses produced by a mass on a lever arm.	||
||	5E60.40	||	piezoelectric speaker	||	Excite a Seignette salt crystal with an audio voltage and couple it to a sounding board.	||
||	5E60.41	||	converse piezoelectric effect	||	Connect an audio oscillator to a large Rochelle salt crystal and the sound can be distinctly heard.	||
||	5E60.42	||	piezoelectric speaker	||	Apply an audio oscillator to a Rochelle salt and amplify with a wood sounding board.	||
||	5E60.45	||	resonating capacitor	||	A HYK capacitor (containing BaTiO3) resonates mechanically at a number of frequencies in the audio range.	||
||	5E60.47	||	piezoelectric oscillator	||	Four Rochelle salt crystals are mounted at the center of a long square cross section steel bar and driven by a circuit. Circuit diagrams.	||
||	5E60.60	||	hysteresis in barium titanate	||	A circuit for showing hysteresis in ferroelectric crystals on the oscilloscope.	||




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