;+ ; NAME: ; QTPOW ; ; AUTHOR: ; Craig B. Markwardt, NASA/GSFC Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20770 ; craigm@lheamail.gsfc.nasa.gov ; UPDATED VERSIONs can be found on my WEB PAGE: ; http://cow.physics.wisc.edu/~craigm/idl/idl.html ; ; PURPOSE: ; Raise quaternion Q to the "power" POW ; ; MAJOR TOPICS: ; Geometry ; ; CALLING SEQUENCE: ; QNEW = QTPOW(Q, POW) ; ; DESCRIPTION: ; ; The function QTPOW raises a quaterion Q to the power P. The ; operation ; ; QNEW = QTPOW(Q, POW) ; ; is equivalent to ; ; QNEW = QTEXP( POW * QTLOG(Q)) ; ; which is the same as the definition of raising a real number to ; any power (however, QTPOW is faster than using QTLOG and QTEXP). ; ; For integer values of POW, this form of exponentiation is also ; directly equivalent to the multiplication of that many Q's ; together. ; ; Geometrically, raising Q to any power between 0 and 1 realizes a ; rotation that smoothly interpolates between the identity ; quaternion and Q. Thus, QTPOW is useful for interpolation of ; quaternions or SLERPing (spherical linear interpolation). ; ; When raising more than one quaternion to a power at a time, the ; number of quaternions and powers must be equal. ; ; Conventions for storing quaternions vary in the literature and from ; library to library. This library uses the convention that the ; first three components of each quaternion are the 3-vector axis of ; rotation, and the 4th component is the rotation angle. Expressed ; in formulae, a single quaternion is given by: ; ; Q(0:2) = [VX, VY, VZ]*SIN(PHI/2) ; Q(3) = COS(PHI/2) ; ; where PHI is the rotation angle, and VAXIS = [VX, VY, VZ] is the ; rotation eigen axis expressed as a unit vector. This library ; accepts quaternions of both signs, but by preference returns ; quaternions with a positive 4th component. ; ; ; INPUTS: ; ; Q - array of one or more unit quaternions. For a single ; quaternion, Q should be a 4-vector. For N quaternions, Q ; should be a 4xN array. ; ; POW - array of N powers, where N is the number of quaternions. ; ; ; RETURNS: ; ; The resulting exponentiated unit quaternions. For a single ; inputs, returns a 4-vector. For N input quaternions, returns N ; quaternions as a 4xN array. ; ; ; KEYWORD PARAMETERS: ; ; NONE ; ; EXAMPLE: ; ; ;; Form a rotation quaternion of 45 degrees about the X axis ; Q = qtcompose([1,0,0], !dpi/4) ; ; ;; Make an array of 1001 values smoothly varying from 0 to 1 ; P = dindgen(1001)/1000d ; ; ;; Perform spherical linear interpolation ; QNEW = QTERP(Q, P) ; ; ; SEE ALSO ; QTANG, QTAXIS, QTCOMPOSE, QTERP, QTEXP, QTFIND, QTINV, QTLOG, ; QTMAT, QTMULT, QTPOW, QTVROT ; ; MODIFICATION HISTORY: ; Written, July 2001, CM ; Documented, Dec 2001, CM ; Usage message, error checking, 15 Mar 2002, CM ; ; $Id: qtpow.pro,v 1.5 2002/05/09 23:03:27 craigm Exp $ ; ;- ; Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, Craig Markwardt ; This software is provided as is without any warranty whatsoever. ; Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute modified or ; unmodified copies is granted, provided this copyright and disclaimer ; are included unchanged. ;- function qtpow, q, pow if n_params() EQ 0 then begin info = 1 USAGE: message, 'USAGE:', /info message, 'QNEW = QTPOW(Q, POW)', info=info return, 0 endif nq = n_elements(q)/4 np = n_elements(pow) if nq LT 1 OR np LT 1 then goto, USAGE v = q(0:2,*) sinth = sqrt(total(v^2,1)) th = atan(sinth, q(3,*)) rat = th*0 wh = where(sinth NE 0, ct) if ct GT 0 then rat(wh) = (sin(pow*th))(wh)/sinth(wh) q1 = q q1(3,*) = cos(th*pow) q1(0:2,*) = rebin(reform(rat,1,nq),3,nq)*temporary(v) return, q1 end